2.
   2023
/  

(  )
: 3     :100
:    -    ,        
             
-
1.    ,      
2.            '
 
-
3.                 
 ?
4.      (NVEQF)    
-
2.
5.              
      
6. SSA            ?
-
7. PSEB  ,      
8. NCERT        
2.
   2023
/  

(  )
: 3     :100
:    -    ,        
             
-
1.    ,      
:󷊆󷊇   
         
 ,    '  6  14
        (    )    
( 1-5)      ( 6-8)  
     -        
   
       :
,        
     
    
   -  
      
  ,          
    
 
    ,          
      

     ,    ,         
2.
󽇐   
       '       
1.      
  , , ,       
 '                

,        
 ,             ,     
 
2.   
   ,    :
 

 

 
                
     -       
3.   -
           -    
  '       :

 

 

 -        ,   
 -        '   
4.    
2.
                 
  :
    
   
  
   
 ,    (RTE)  6-14          
  
 ,  
         
 
5.  
   -     
    :
-  
 
      
    
     
 ,               
󷘹󷘴󷘵󷘶󷘷󷘸   
            '      ,
   
1.    
           :


 (  )

      
     ,     

 
2.    
2.
         
,       '
 :
  (, , )
  (,   )
  (, -)
  ( , )
  (, )
  ,        
3.       
    '               :





                

4.    
          :
   
     
     
   
  
              
5.      
               
 
 :
   
  
  
   
2.
       
6. -    
       -     :


 

     
 -      
7.     
  ',          -   , , ,
,          :
    
  
  
           
󷇮󷇭      
   ,     :
       ,     , 
  ,      
              
         
        
    ,     
󷄧󼿒
                
     -      '       
,  ,  -,      

2.
         ,     ,  
 ,           
2.            '
 
:󷋇󷋈󷋉󷋊󷋋󷋌     
?
1.     
         
        ,
         
2.  
               -
, ,        -   ,   
   
3.  
 -           
 
  ,            
4.  
            
  -            
5.   
    ,              -
          ,    
   
󷙣󷙤󷙥   
     :
    (2009)      21A      
  
2.
   (SSA)  -        
   
      ,        
 ,         
󷊨󷊩UEE    
1.    
     -          
 ,   ,         

2.   
    ,         
  ,   ,       
  
3.    
           -  
      
    ,    ,      
  
4.  
 '    (  ,   ,  )
         
     

5.   
 
   
         
 
       
 
         
6.   
 '          
   ,        
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼 
2.
   ,  :
1.   :  ,       
2.  :       
3.  : ,  '       
 
4.    '   :       
 
5.  :        
 
6.  :          

󽆪󽆫󽆬
         
 -     
    
     ,       
          
  ,  , ,  
   '       
-
3.                 
 ?
:             
       
 ,   '     9
 12
      ',    
,    
    
  , ,     '   
 ,             
,  
  ,   ,         
 
               
    
󷊆󷊇   
2.
1.   (    )
               ',
    
 ;  ,  , 
       
 ,      ,     
  
     
   ,  
 
 ,          
  
  :
      
    
      
   
   -       : "  
?" 
"  ?"  
2.   
               
      
  ',      '      - ,  ,
,   ,          
  :
     
      
      
    ,      
3.     
      
       
  -       ,   
-      
2.
 :
    
      
      
     
 ,   ,   ,  ,  
  
      ,  
4.    -  
              
, ,            
  -     
 :
,  ,    
     
-      
    
     
,       
5.    
           , ,
      
 :
    
      
    
      
,  ,        
, 
    
2.
6.     
          ,  ,    
     
 :
       
    
       
     
         
7.    
   -         
         
 :
-   
    
    
      
  '       
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼            ?
   
 -         
    
1. - 
    
   , ,  
 
       
2.
   :
  


       
2.   - 
        , ,   
         
 :
 
 
 
   
     
,     
3.    
  -       :
 
 

  
    -    
4.    
-  -  

      
  
  
-    :
2.
  ()
  
 
   
   -  
5.    
      :
 
  
  
            
   
6. - 
, , , ,          
  
  
 :
 



    , - 
7.   
 ,          
   
     :
2.
   
- 
    
   
      
󷄧󼿒
           
  
       , ,        
     ,     ,   
,        
               ,
,  -,  -     , ,   
               
,     ,       
4.      (NVEQF)    
:󷋇󷋈󷋉󷋊󷋋󷋌  
NVEQF         (MHRD)    
      
          ,    
   
  
          ' 
 ,        -  ' 
 
󷙣󷙤󷙥NVEQF   
1.   
      ,         
    ,        
 :
2.
o  1–4: -    
o  5-7:       
o  8-10:    -    
2.    
  (     )   (    
 )   
          ,    
            
3.   
      (SSCs)      (NSDC)
  '   
        ,   
  
       
4. - 
   '           (   ),
    '     '  
      (NOS)     ,     

    
5. 
             ,
        
            '   
   
 
󷊨󷊩NVEQF  
1. :          

2. :         
3. :            
  
4. :     "" 
       
   
5.  :         
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼   
2.
1. :          
2.  :      ,  
      
3.  :         
4. :            
 
5. :, ,       
       
󷗰󷗮󷗯NVEQF    
   9
    NVEQF  IT      
     
12
 ,            
     '      ,    , 
     
       ,       '   
   
             
󽆪󽆫󽆬
      (NVEQF)   ,   -
         ,     
,    -     
   ,           ,   
               
      
2.
-
5.              
      
:󷊆󷊇1.     -
                  
         '         
   
 
 ,     :
         

    '    
        
  ,        
 ,             
,  
        ,     
 
󷿆󷿇󸿗󸢉󷿈󷿉󷿊󷿋󷿌󸿘󸿙󸿚󸿛󸿜󸿝󸢊󸢋󸢌󸿔󸿕󸿞󸿖󸢑󸢒󸿟󸿠󸿡󸢓󸢔󸢕󸢖󷿚󷿛󷿜󷿝󷿞󷿟󸿢2.     
   ,         ,    :

   
          
    
-     
   -   (     1:30) 
                

               
 -     
󼐧󼐨󼐩󼐪󼐫󷹩󼐬󼐭󷹫󼐮󷹬󼐯󼐰󼐱󼐲󼐳3.      
2.
            -     

       :
      
  -   
   
           
 
""                
                
   
󹵍󹵉󹵎󹵏󹵐4.        
RTE    -     - , ,   ,
,  ,            
   
     :
   
    
,          
         
          '     
          -      
󷫧󷫨󷫩󷫪󷫫󷫬󷫮󷫭5.    
    '         
       
     :
           
   
   25%   
    
2.
        '   (EWS)  - 25%
              
   
󹶜󹶟󹶝󹶞󹶠󹶡󹶢󹶣󹶤󹶥󹶦󹶧6.     
    
 -         
    -, -     
   :
-    
       
        
           
                  
 
󼫹󼫺7.          
    , ,         RTE     
     
     :
   
    
   
       
  
              ,   -
       
󽀼󽀽󽁀󽁁󽀾󽁂󽀿󽁃8.       
RTE      :
 
 

2.
   
              
            
󹳎󹳏9.  
         , , ,  
             
     :
  
   
    
      
     
   ,    
󷩡󷩟󷩠10.        
RTE            :
  
   (SMCs)
SMCs  ,            ,
           
 
󷇮󷇭11.   '  
           -  ,  ,  , 
  , 
     :
   
 -     
2.
      
      
  
          
󽆪󽆫󽆬
        -         
                
      
    ,      ,    
 ,       ,     ,
               
 ,            
6. SSA            ?
:󷋇󷋈󷋉󷋊󷋋󷋌  RTE   
?
       -        
 , 
 ,          
 ,
  RTE      '  
󷙣󷙤󷙥      
1.     
 -               
     
                 
'     
2.   
  ,  (    ),   ,    
    
2.
   
        -  
     
3.     
  -       
   
       -     
       
4.     
               
     
 '    -  ,   ,   ,  
   -      
5.    25%   
            ' 25%   
    
     ,      ,  
   
6.     
       -     
            ,   
 
7.    
            (SCPCR) 
RTE    
 RTE          
8.    
        ,      
   
 - ,   -        

󷊨󷊩    
2.
1.    :            
2.   :     -     
3.   :         
4.  :,  ,         , 
   
5.   :      25%   
 ,   
6.  :         , 
    
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼-   
              
         
          
 
         
󽆪󽆫󽆬
               
               
         ,        
    ,  -     
    
-
7. PSEB  ,      
:󷋃󷋄󷋅󷋆PSEB   (PSEB   )
      1969        
                  
' ,      
1.     
                
                
   
2.
 , PSEB   :
   
       
       
 - '              

2.  
         ,    :
 8


 12
     ,  -   ,   
  ,      
    ,   
      
    
         
    
3. -    
   -          
          ,    
   
     :
 -  
    
  -   
4.     
2.
     PSEB       ,     
  PSEB            :
 
    
   
      ,  PSEB        
  
5.      
      
      

       ,    
   
             
             
󹲯󹲰󹲱󹲲󹲳PSEB   (PSEB    )
  ,            
 
 
1.  
      PSEB    ,     
         :
  
 
 
           
 
2.  
    '        ,    
   '     
2.
    , PSEB:
   
      
      
         
3.    '   
 
           PSEB   
 '      :
   
     
     
4.    
  ,              -
        ,        
 
5.  

 PSEB     ,       :


 
              
󽁔󽁕󽁖   (  )
   ,            
     
2.
1.    
      PSEB  CBSE  ICSE         

   :
    '  
       
- 
           
2.   
 PSEB    ,         
 :
       
           
        
3.      
   PSEB            :
  
  
  
     
     
4. - 
  , PSEB   '       
 '    :
 
  
2.
  
 ,       
 
5.    

   PSEB     '    
 ,  
            
       :
  
 
  
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼
  ,              
       ,  
 , -   
,    
           
  ,     '        

, PSEB     ,          
              , PSEB 
  ,      ,      -
    '     
8. NCERT        
:󷋇󷋈󷋉󷋊󷋋󷋌
NCERT              

    ,     ,     
    
    
  ,       
2.
󷙣󷙤󷙥NCERT   
1.  
NCERT    (NCF)   ,    -  ' 
  ,    
         -  (
 )   
  ,     '   
2.   
NCERT   ,       '  

    ,   ,       
  
            
3.     
NCERT ,         
 
        ,  
    
    (RIEs) 
,        
   
4.    
NCERT  ,          
 
   '            
  
 
5.   
NCERT            -   
  
               
  (NAS)  
6.   
           
2.
    (NEP)         


     ,       
 
7.    
NCERT ,         

  ,       
            
8.  
NCERT ,         
             
  
󷊨󷊩NCERT    
1. :NCERT  -        
 
2. :    
     -  
3. :   '   ,   
  
 '     
4. :          
  
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼NCERT  
          
              
  
  '         
󽆪󽆫󽆬
NCERT            -  , , 
,  ,  ,    -   
   
 ,    ,    
 ,    , NCERT 
 
         ,     

2.
"              
 
       ,       
 "